{ "schema": "iafactcheck-debate-review-v1", "event": { "date": "2026-10-14", "slug": "2026-10-14-governor", "title": "October 14 governor debate", "pair": "Rob Sand and Zach Lahn", "video": "-SM3RvG1SLQ", "host": "KTIV · Sioux City", "moderators": "Matt Breen, Dave Price and Justin Rust", "candidates": [ "rob-sand", "zach-lahn" ], "source": "govorganizer", "start": 300, "end": 3820 }, "reviewDate": "2026-10-15", "transcriptStatus": "Original paraphrased reading guide; not a verbatim certified transcript", "coverage": { "entries": 56, "rated": 27, "policy": 13, "pending": 16, "sources": 46 }, "claims": [ { "id": "lahn-background", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 380, "topic": "Background", "wording": "Lahn grew up and graduated from high school in Sioux City.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "The published biography supports the chronology.", "evidence": "His campaign biography describes his Sioux City upbringing.", "context": "Campaign-origin biography is not independent certification of every family recollection.", "sources": [ "lahnbio" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "sand-career", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 440, "topic": "Background", "wording": "Sand grew up in Decorah, prosecuted public corruption for seven years and is serving a second auditor term.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 1, "classification": "Blue-Ribbon Supported", "finding": "The public career chronology is supported.", "evidence": "The institutional Auditor biography describes his prosecution work and tenure beginning in 2019.", "context": "Personal childhood anecdotes are not separately verified.", "sources": [ "auditor" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [ 3740 ] }, { "id": "sand-team", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 470, "topic": "Auditor accountability", "wording": "Sand included an independent and a Republican on his senior leadership team.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "Cross-party leadership is documented.", "evidence": "Institutional biography and contemporary reporting describe his office leadership.", "context": "Staff affiliation alone does not establish that every office decision was nonpartisan.", "sources": [ "auditor", "leadershipreport" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "record-misspent", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 480, "topic": "Auditor accountability", "wording": "His office uncovered a record amount of misspent money.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Historical superlative unresolved.", "evidence": "Individual investigations and sums are documented in the audit archive.", "context": "No uniform all-predecessor series is supplied. Identified misspending, money recovered and restitution differ.", "sources": [ "auditarchive" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [ 3750 ] }, { "id": "audit-limits", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 485, "topic": "Auditor accountability", "wording": "The Legislature made it harder for the Auditor to obtain records.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "SF478 restricted access and changed dispute resolution.", "evidence": "The 2023 law limits categories of information and routes certain interagency disputes through arbitration.", "context": "It did not abolish all investigative powers. Supporters offered privacy and dispute-resolution rationales; exceptions matter.", "sources": [ "sf478" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [ 1320, 3750 ] }, { "id": "courtesy", "speaker": "Both candidates", "timecodeSeconds": 540, "topic": "Debate conduct", "wording": "Both promised to focus on issues and expressed respect for the other.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Promises and personal judgments are unscored.", "evidence": "The recording preserves both responses.", "context": "Intentions are not guarantees of later behavior.", "sources": [ "govvideo" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "budget-gap", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 685, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Iowa has roughly $1.3–$1.4 billion annual budget gaps on a roughly $9.5 billion General Fund budget.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "The recurring gap is real; fund and fiscal-year distinctions matter.", "evidence": "Budget documents and revenue forecasts show spending above recurring receipts and planned use of balances.", "context": "This is not proof of unpaid bills or a cash budget that cannot balance. Recommendation, enacted budget and year-end actuals differ.", "sources": [ "budget", "lsabudget", "rec2026", "budgetgapreport" ], "rebuttal": "Lahn proposes efficiency and tax relief without a quantified replacement budget in this exchange.", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "revenue-growth", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 715, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Optimistic revenue growth has not materialized.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 3, "classification": "Leaning Supported", "finding": "Recent receipts support concern, with timing limits.", "evidence": "Management reports September gross receipts down 3.4% against a positive annual growth estimate.", "context": "One month of gross receipts is not a full-year net-revenue outcome; tax changes affect comparisons.", "sources": [ "receipts", "rec2026" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "federal-surplus", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 725, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Federal money under the last two presidents helped create Iowa’s accumulated balances.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "Federal support was substantial, but does not explain every reserve dollar.", "evidence": "Budget books separately identify federal funds, General Fund balances and taxpayer relief resources.", "context": "Aid, unusually strong receipts and spending choices must be separated; all reserves cannot simply be called leftover federal aid.", "sources": [ "budget", "taxhistory" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "reserve-runway", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 740, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Annual use of $1.3–$1.4 billion will exhaust relevant balances in a few years.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "The direction follows if assumed gaps persist; the exact runway is conditional.", "evidence": "Budget projections rely on nonrecurring balances.", "context": "Accounts have different legal purposes. Constant withdrawals and no policy response are assumptions, not an inevitable insolvency date.", "sources": [ "budget", "lsabudget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "budget-options", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 750, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Cannabis taxes, ending data-center incentives, ESA income limits and mandatory PIE participation would help close the gap.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Uncosted combined policy proposal.", "evidence": "Current ESA rules and PIE materials identify policies he would change.", "context": "Sand concedes the first two ideas alone would not balance the budget. No independently scored combined package is supplied.", "sources": [ "esa", "esalaw", "pie", "budget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [ 1950 ] }, { "id": "pie-origin", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 800, "topic": "Government efficiency", "wording": "Sand started PIE in his first auditor term.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 1, "classification": "Blue-Ribbon Supported", "finding": "Program creation is documented.", "evidence": "The Auditor’s institutional history credits his office with Public Innovations and Efficiencies.", "context": "Creation and participation do not independently quantify savings.", "sources": [ "auditor", "pie" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "pie-replicated", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 815, "topic": "Government efficiency", "wording": "PIE has been copied in two other states.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Exact two-state implementation count pending.", "evidence": "PIE materials document the program and replication discussions.", "context": "A pilot, announcement and functioning equivalent are different; two completed implementations are not certified here.", "sources": [ "pie" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "solar-savings", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 845, "topic": "Government efficiency", "wording": "An average public solar installation saved about $750,000.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "The report estimates lifetime savings, not an annual cash saving.", "evidence": "The2021 Auditor review reports average projected lifetime savings of$716,437 and average annual savings of$26,475 for the surveyed projects.", "context": "Sample, financing, energy prices and equipment life matter. It cannot establish every installation’s return or cash already recovered.", "sources": [ "solar" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "property-priority", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 920, "topic": "Property taxes", "wording": "Lahn prioritizes eliminating property tax on primary single-family homes.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Future goal with no published exact replacement mechanism in this exchange.", "evidence": "He acknowledges the financing design is unfinished.", "context": "He mentions an approximately 2.5-point sales-tax idea from others and explicitly says it is not his proposal.", "sources": [ "govvideo", "propertylaw" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [ 1140 ] }, { "id": "blockchain", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 985, "topic": "Government efficiency", "wording": "Blockchain records and citizen auditors would expose waste and finance property-tax reductions.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Uncosted transparency and savings proposal.", "evidence": "No operating statewide system or independently measured savings is supplied.", "context": "Privacy, exempt records, accuracy and cybersecurity remain constraints. Transparency alone does not guarantee replacement revenue.", "sources": [ "chapter22", "budget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "property-local", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1060, "topic": "Property taxes", "wording": "Property tax is largely local, although he proposes beginning efficiency work at state level.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "Local levies and state law are distinct.", "evidence": "Iowa statutes govern locally assessed and levied taxes and state backfill.", "context": "State agency savings do not automatically replace county, city or school revenue; a legal funding mechanism is needed.", "sources": [ "propertylaw", "property2023" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "income-tax-record", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1115, "topic": "Income taxes", "wording": "Iowa enacted its largest income-tax cut.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "Real tax reductions; historical superlative depends on the metric.", "evidence": "The 2022 and 2024 laws reduced individual rates; a flat rate began in 2025.", "context": "Annual phased-in effects cannot be ranked against unlike multiyear, inflation-adjusted or percentage totals.", "sources": [ "tax2025", "taxfiscal2022", "taxhistory" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "property-first", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1120, "topic": "Property taxes", "wording": "No state has eliminated property taxes on primary single-family homes.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Nationwide universal negative not fully established.", "evidence": "States use varied homeowner and other exemptions.", "context": "A limited exemption is not elimination for every primary home; no complete current 50-state audit is supplied here.", "sources": [ "propertylaw" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "settlements", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1240, "topic": "Auditor accountability", "wording": "Sand opposed taxpayer-funded settlements and wants recovery from responsible officials.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "The documented example supports the point, not every universal assertion.", "evidence": "The Appeal Board record and contemporary account document his opposition to a harassment settlement.", "context": "Settlement is not an adjudication of guilt. Personal recovery depends on legal standards; the state’s competing settlement rationale matters.", "sources": [ "appealboard", "harassmentvote" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "watchdog-unanimity", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1335, "topic": "Auditor accountability", "wording": "Every watchdog who weighed in opposed the audit law, including two letters from Bush’s comptroller general.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Universal count and exact letter history pending.", "evidence": "The statute and opposition coverage establish an access dispute.", "context": "This review has not assembled every submission or authenticated both letters. Predicted fraud and demonstrated subsequent fraud differ.", "sources": [ "sf478" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "local-food-target", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1440, "topic": "School meals", "wording": "Lahn wants 80% of school food to be Iowa-grown, phased in over time.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Future target, not a current achievement.", "evidence": "He proposes procurement changes and gradual benchmarks.", "context": "No independently costed statewide supply, nutrition, storage and distribution model is supplied. Shared interest in local food does not establish 80% feasibility.", "sources": [ "localfood" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "beef-42000", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1480, "topic": "School meals", "wording": "A producer must deliver 42,000 pounds of ground beef to supply school meals with USDA support.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 5, "classification": "Getting Muddy", "finding": "A bulk commodity specification is presented as a general school-meal rule.", "evidence": "USDA commodity specifications use 42,000-pound units, but farm-to-school guidance permits local meat through other procurement methods.", "context": "One purchasing channel’s truckload rule is not a universal eligibility condition for meal reimbursement.", "sources": [ "beeftruck", "localfood", "localmeat" ], "rebuttal": "When the moderator asks about daily supply, Lahn clarifies he did not mean 42,000 pounds each day.", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [ 1620 ] }, { "id": "rollins-meeting", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1500, "topic": "School meals", "wording": "He met Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins about procurement changes.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Specific meeting and substance independently unverified here.", "evidence": "This is his account of a meeting.", "context": "The existence of local procurement options does not establish the meeting or agreement to change rules.", "sources": [ "localfood" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "ethanol-scale", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 1540, "topic": "Agriculture", "wording": "Iowa makes about four billion gallons of ethanol annually.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "The order of magnitude is consistent with the documented industry scale.", "evidence": "Iowa Agriculture’s November 2025 statement cites 4.6 billion gallons. The debate’s four-billion illustration is rounded below that stated production level.", "context": "Production, capacity and a particular final calendar-year total differ. This is not certification of the current year’s final output.", "sources": [ "ethanol" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "working-lands", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1715, "topic": "Water and agriculture", "wording": "Converting vulnerable row-crop land to grazing through Working Lands can reduce nutrient runoff.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 3, "classification": "Leaning Supported", "finding": "Supported mechanism, with site-specific effects.", "evidence": "Conservation research supports perennial cover and buffers as ways to reduce nitrogen loss.", "context": "No statewide measured removal total is supplied. Grazing management, slope and nutrient loading matter; buffer performance is not interchangeable with every pasture.", "sources": [ "buffers", "dnrwater" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "universal-meals", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1800, "topic": "School meals", "wording": "Universal breakfast and lunch would draw additional federal dollars and lower Iowa costs.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "Family bills can fall, but state savings are not automatic.", "evidence": "Federal meal reimbursement rules allow eligible schools to expand free meals; states fund remaining costs.", "context": "Universality alone does not entitle every meal to the highest reimbursement rate. Costs shift among families, state and federal budgets.", "sources": [ "localfood", "budget" ], "rebuttal": "The moderator asks how he would fund the program amid a budget gap.", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "five-percent-aid", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1920, "topic": "Education funding", "wording": "Sand promises 5% state-aid growth in year one, not necessarily year two.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Explicit conditional future commitment.", "evidence": "He repeats the first-year figure and conditions later funding on finances.", "context": "This is not enacted funding or an independently balanced budget; savings and revenues need legislative action.", "sources": [ "teacherfiscal", "budget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "cannabis-revenue", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 1950, "topic": "Budget", "wording": "Cannabis taxes could raise about $50 million initially and over $100 million later.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Revenue forecast not independently scored.", "evidence": "He describes expected proceeds from a proposed market.", "context": "Tax design, market size, rollout, enforcement and displacement matter. No fiscal note for his exact proposal is supplied.", "sources": [ "budget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "school-rank-sand", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2055, "topic": "Education rankings", "wording": "Iowa fell from fifth in 2018 to the bottom half in education.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "Requires a named metric and consistent ranking series.", "evidence": "Official NAEP data distinguish subjects, grades and statistically significant differences; commercial rankings combine indicators.", "context": "A broad ranking is not identical to student-test rank and cannot prove one policy caused a decline.", "sources": [ "naep", "edfinance" ], "rebuttal": "The same comparability rule applies to Lahn’s historical ranking claim.", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "school-rank-lahn", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2120, "topic": "Education rankings", "wording": "Iowa was first in the 1990s and fell 27 places.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "A rank comparison without a consistent indicator overstates what it establishes.", "evidence": "Official state NAEP materials report subject-specific results rather than one invariant education rank.", "context": "Different ranking products, grades, subjects and changing state participation cannot be merged into one 27-place change.", "sources": [ "naep", "edfinance" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "spending-50", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2130, "topic": "Education funding", "wording": "Real per-pupil spending increased 50% since the early 1990s.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "The exact inflation-adjusted series is not reproduced.", "evidence": "State financial reports provide spending and enrollment data.", "context": "Start year, price index, capital, pensions and denominator must be defined. Spending and outcomes alone do not prove causation.", "sources": [ "edfinance" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "school-network", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2155, "topic": "Education background", "wording": "His school model is used in 300 schools nationally.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Network count and individual contribution need separation.", "evidence": "His campaign describes work on alternative schooling.", "context": "A shared model’s network does not mean he founded or ran every school. The exact 300 figure is not independently certified here.", "sources": [ "lahnbio" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "esa-choice", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2160, "topic": "School choice", "wording": "Education savings accounts give parents another choice for education dollars.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "ESA law provides a state-funded private-school option.", "evidence": "Code 257.11B and Education guidance define eligibility and expenses.", "context": "Foundational freedom and opportunity fund are political characterizations. Eligibility and public-school obligations are different.", "sources": [ "esa", "esalaw" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "innovation-policy", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2210, "topic": "Education policy", "wording": "Innovation zones, classroom behavior support and merit pay would improve schools.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Policy proposals and predicted effects.", "evidence": "He lists changes rather than a specific supplemental-aid percentage.", "context": "Costs, authority, staffing and disability protections need concrete proposals. The moderator notes no percentage was supplied.", "sources": [ "edfinance", "teacherlaw" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "teacher-95-5", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2260, "topic": "Classroom behavior", "wording": "Teachers spend 95% of their time with 5% of students.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Statewide percentage unverified.", "evidence": "He offers the ratio during discussion of classroom behavior.", "context": "No representative Iowa time-use study is cited; do not treat it as a measured fact for every classroom.", "sources": [ "edfinance" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "phonics", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2425, "topic": "Reading instruction", "wording": "Mississippi improved reading after literacy reforms; Iowa should emphasize phonics over three-cueing.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 3, "classification": "Leaning Supported", "finding": "Evidence-based literacy supports the direction, with attribution limits.", "evidence": "Iowa Education’s NAEP analysis emphasizes evidence-based reading instruction.", "context": "Mississippi changed more than one technique. Ranking changes cannot be assigned solely to phonics without causal evidence.", "sources": [ "naep", "mississippi" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "sand-townhalls", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2465, "topic": "Public access", "wording": "Sand holds 100 public town halls yearly, covering all counties and both Lee County seats.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Exact completed annual count not independently audited.", "evidence": "He describes a county-seat tour and publicly accessible questions.", "context": "Announcements, rescheduled events and completed meetings should be reconciled before certifying the annual total.", "sources": [ "auditor" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "teacher-base", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2515, "topic": "Teacher pay", "wording": "Iowa raised starting teacher minimum pay to $50,000.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 1, "classification": "Blue-Ribbon Supported", "finding": "The phased-in statutory minimum is documented.", "evidence": "HF2612 establishes the $50,000 starting minimum for 2025–26.", "context": "Minimum base salary is not average compensation or take-home pay.", "sources": [ "teacherlaw", "teacherfiscal" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "teacher-steps", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2525, "topic": "Teacher pay", "wording": "The starting-pay increase was financed by cuts in salary steps for experienced teachers.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "The statewide financing claim is not established.", "evidence": "The law and fiscal note distinguish minimums, supplements and appropriations.", "context": "District schedules also matter. No universal statutory step cut or independent confirmation of the $16,000 Illinois anecdote is supplied.", "sources": [ "teacherlaw", "teacherfiscal" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "h1b-policy", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2575, "topic": "Workforce and visas", "wording": "He would end H-1B use at public universities and state institutions and prioritize resident training.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Policy position with federal-law constraints.", "evidence": "He expressly narrows the proposal to institutions with state influence.", "context": "Do not characterize this as a proposed governor-issued nationwide visa ban. Specific measures would require authority and preemption review.", "sources": [ "federalconstitution" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [ 2760 ] }, { "id": "steel-project", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2600, "topic": "Steel mill", "wording": "The proposed southeast Iowa mill represents $15 billion and substantial jobs.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 2, "classification": "Mostly Supported", "finding": "The announced proposal is documented; completion is not.", "evidence": "The October 2 Governor announcement describes the project and MEGA changes.", "context": "Proposed dollars and jobs are not actual investment completed or jobs filled. Financing, permits and performance conditions matter.", "sources": [ "mega", "hf2801", "megafiscal" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "steel-unique", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2615, "topic": "Steel mill", "wording": "No other American project is comparable.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "National superlative unresolved.", "evidence": "A large announced project does not itself establish uniqueness.", "context": "Dollar amount, technology, capacity and ownership are different comparisons; no complete comparison set is supplied.", "sources": [ "mega" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "training-policy", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 2655, "topic": "Workforce", "wording": "Higher-education funding should favor Iowa enrollment, with trade tuition help for rural service.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Future funding proposals.", "evidence": "He discusses public-private training and tuition forgiveness.", "context": "No enacted eligibility rules, costs or retention results are supplied. Preference does not establish lawful exclusion of other applicants.", "sources": [ "budget" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "population", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2820, "topic": "Workforce", "wording": "Iowa is among the slowest-growing states and should welcome people who want to stay.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 3, "classification": "Leaning Supported", "finding": "Slow growth is consistent with the demographic setting; welcoming workers is policy.", "evidence": "State economic and demographic records document growth and workforce constraints.", "context": "An exact national rank requires a period and dataset. A law-school friend’s experience is an anecdote.", "sources": [ "bea", "beagdp" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "labor-agreement", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 2925, "topic": "Steel mill", "wording": "Sand wants a project labor agreement and training and hiring obligations for Iowans.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Proposed conditions, not a signed Iowa agreement.", "evidence": "He distinguishes a reported Minnesota agreement from any future Iowa terms.", "context": "A proposal and campaign commitment do not show that the developer has accepted every condition.", "sources": [ "mega" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "cedar-data", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 3060, "topic": "Data centers", "wording": "A nearby center occupies 1,400 former farm acres, receives over $500 million in abatements and promises 30 permanent jobs.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Precise project and agreement unresolved.", "evidence": "This is checkable, but the developer and exact agreement are not clearly identified in the exchange.", "context": "Do not substitute Apple’s Waukee project or another Cedar Rapids site. Graded land, acquired land, estimated abatements and binding jobs must refer to one project.", "sources": [ "chapter22" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "data-conditions", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 3090, "topic": "Data centers", "wording": "Centers should get no incentives, pay infrastructure and water costs, and face strong local negotiation or moratoria.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Policy conditions, not delivered benefits.", "evidence": "He favors state rules with county negotiation.", "context": "The claim some centers froze surrounding power rates has no named tariff or utility order here; prospective benefits remain conditional.", "sources": [ "chapter22" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "data-nda", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3215, "topic": "Data centers", "wording": "Public officials should not sign agreements that conceal a proposed developer from constituents.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Policy and public-service judgment.", "evidence": "Iowa’s records chapter contains disclosure duties and exemptions.", "context": "Not every NDA is automatically unlawful; a particular agreement needs its own records and legal analysis.", "sources": [ "chapter22" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "politician-rules", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3260, "topic": "Election reform", "wording": "He proposes a stock-trading ban, mandatory prison time for taxpayer theft, town halls and equal primary access.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Future legal changes.", "evidence": "These are proposed checks on public officials and parties.", "context": "Sentencing depends on enacted elements and judicial process; proposed requirements are not current law.", "sources": [ "primaryvoting" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "promise", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "primary-club", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3295, "topic": "Election reform", "wording": "Iowa voters must join a party to participate in taxpayer-funded primaries.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 4, "classification": "Context Needed", "finding": "Party declaration is required for a partisan primary; same-day changes are allowed.", "evidence": "Iowa Code 43.42 lets registered voters declare or change affiliation at the polls.", "context": "Independents are not barred from general elections or subject to discretionary private-club approval.", "sources": [ "primaryvoting" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "redistrict-first", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3315, "topic": "Election reform", "wording": "Iowa was first to establish an independent redistricting commission.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 5, "classification": "Getting Muddy", "finding": "The wording conflates a staff model with a decision-making commission.", "evidence": "LSA history dates the model to 1980: nonpartisan staff prepare plans, legislators approve and a commission advises.", "context": "The safeguards are real. This review does not certify the national first claim; the actual institutional structure is more qualified.", "sources": [ "redistrict" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "merit-first", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3345, "topic": "Election reform", "wording": "Iowa was first in America to adopt merit-based judicial selection.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": 7, "classification": "Full Hogwash", "finding": "The first-in-America claim is contradicted.", "evidence": "Iowa Judicial Branch dates its reform to 1962; Missouri court history documents its merit plan in 1940.", "context": "This finding concerns historical priority, not whether Iowa has a merit system. The wording was cross-checked against a second transcription of the recording.", "sources": [ "judicialia", "judicialmo" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "muhlbauer", "speaker": "Rob Sand", "timecodeSeconds": 3425, "topic": "Running mates", "wording": "Dave Muhlbauer is a farmer and Crawford County supervisor elected in a heavily Republican county.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Biography and electoral comparison need separate records.", "evidence": "Sand names his running mate’s local office and cross-party appeal.", "context": "County presidential totals and the supervisor election need official returns; endorsement alone does not show every voter crossed party lines.", "sources": [ "ethics" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "lahn-primary-spending", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 3550, "topic": "Campaign finance", "wording": "Lahn won despite being outspent 30% by a multiple-term congressman.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Spending comparison not reproduced.", "evidence": "Official disclosures permit committee spending comparisons.", "context": "Reporting windows, candidate loans and independent spending must not be mixed. No matched denominator is supplied.", "sources": [ "ethics" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] }, { "id": "wulf-bills", "speaker": "Zach Lahn", "timecodeSeconds": 3570, "topic": "Running mates", "wording": "Derek Wulf worked on local-food, incentive and right-to-repair bills.", "wordingType": "Paraphrase; approximate recording locator", "hogwashMeter": null, "classification": "Pending / not scored", "finding": "Exact bill roles need bill-by-bill reconciliation.", "evidence": "Lahn cites these subjects as reasons for his selection.", "context": "Sponsorship, committee work, votes and enactment differ. Iowa-first is framing, not an established policy outcome or resolution of separate financial allegations.", "sources": [ "hf2801" ], "rebuttal": "", "kind": "fact", "repeatedAt": [] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "debate-20261006-appealboard", "label": "Iowa Management — State Appeal Board meeting notices and agendas", "url": "https://dom.iowa.gov/topics/state-appeal-board-meeting", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "appealboard" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-auditarchive", "label": "Iowa Auditor — releases and reports archive", "url": "https://www.auditor.iowa.gov/alerts-and-public-releases/alerts-and-public-releases-archive", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "auditarchive" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-auditor", "label": "Iowa Auditor — institutional history and Sand biography", "url": "https://www.auditor.iowa.gov/about-us", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "auditor" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-bea", "label": "BEA — current state personal income data and release", "url": "https://www.bea.gov/data/income-saving/personal-income-by-state", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "bea" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-beagdp", "label": "BEA — state GDP data", "url": "https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "beagdp" }, { "key": "beeftruck", "label": "USDA AMS ground-beef delivery specifications", "url": "https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Supplement211GroundBeefItemsJuly2022.pdf", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-budget", "label": "Iowa Management — state budget and FY 2027 documents", "url": "https://dom.iowa.gov/state-government/state-budget", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "budget" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-budgetgapreport", "label": "Iowa Public Radio — March 12 revenue forecast, FY 2026 / 2027 distinctions", "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/state-government-news/2026-03-12/iowa-faces-back-to-back-1-billion-budget-deficits-as-panel-reduces-revenue-estimates", "type": "Independent reporting", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "budgetgapreport" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-buffers", "label": "USDA ARS — saturated-buffer evidence and how they work", "url": "https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/ames/nlae/news/what-are-saturated-buffers/", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "buffers" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-chapter22", "label": "Iowa Legislature — public records chapter 22", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2026/22.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "chapter22" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-dnrwater", "label": "Iowa DNR — public drinking-water monitoring and compliance", "url": "https://www.iowadnr.gov/environmental-protection/water-quality/water-supply-engineering/annual-compliance-report", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "dnrwater" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-edfinance", "label": "Iowa Education — education statistics and financial reports", "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/pk-12/data/education-statistics", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "edfinance" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-esa", "label": "Iowa Education — ESA eligibility, expenses and implementation", "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/pk-12/educational-choice/education-savings-accounts", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "esa" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-esalaw", "label": "Iowa Code — 257.11B education savings accounts", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2026/257.11B.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "esalaw" }, { "key": "ethanol", "label": "Iowa Agriculture 2025 ethanol production statement", "url": "https://iowaagriculture.gov/sites/default/files/Iowa%20Ag%20Sec%20Naig%20Comments%20for%20CARB%20on%20E15.pdf", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-ethics", "label": "IECDB — official public campaign disclosure reports", "url": "https://webapp.iecdb.iowa.gov/publicReports", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "ethics" }, { "key": "federalconstitution", "label": "Constitution Annotated Article I Section 8", "url": "https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-1/section-8/", "type": "Primary record" }, { "key": "govorganizer", "label": "KTIV date and moderators", "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2026/09/03/ktiv-host-iowa-gubernatorial-debate-october-14-7-pm/", "type": "Original broadcaster" }, { "key": "govvideo", "label": "KTIV full October 14 governor debate", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SM3RvG1SLQ", "type": "Original broadcast / automatic captions" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-harassmentvote", "label": "Radio Iowa — May 11, 2021 State Appeal Board vote and competing settlement rationale", "url": "https://www.radioiowa.com/2021/05/11/state-auditor-opposes-taxpayer-financed-settlement-over-sexual-harassment-allegations/", "type": "Independent reporting / recorded board vote", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "harassmentvote" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-hf2801", "label": "Iowa Legislature — HF 2801 enacted MEGA amendments", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=HF2801&ga=91", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "hf2801" }, { "key": "judicialia", "label": "Iowa Judicial Branch merit-selection history", "url": "https://www.iowacourts.gov/for-the-public/educational-resources-and-services/iowa-courts-history", "type": "Primary record" }, { "key": "judicialmo", "label": "Missouri Courts history of the1940 nonpartisan plan", "url": "https://www.courts.mo.gov/page.jsp?id=166133", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-lahnbio", "label": "Zach Lahn — campaign biography", "url": "https://www.zachlahn.com/", "type": "Candidate / campaign", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "lahnbio" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-leadershipreport", "label": "Iowa Capital Dispatch — October 6, 2022 cross-party office leadership and endorsements", "url": "https://iowacapitaldispatch.com/2022/10/06/31-conservatives-endorse-state-auditor-rob-sand-in-re-election-bid/", "type": "Independent reporting / campaign statement context", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "leadershipreport" }, { "key": "localfood", "label": "USDA local-food purchasing and school meat", "url": "https://www.fna.usda.gov/f2s/procuring-local-foods", "type": "Primary record" }, { "key": "localmeat", "label": "Washington Agriculture local-meat procurement", "url": "https://agr.wa.gov/departments/business-and-marketing-support/farm-to-school-toolkit/for-districts-school-nutrition-local-food/procurement-and-geographic-preference/procurement-of-local-meat-poultry-and-seafood", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-lsabudget", "label": "LSA — January 2026 FY 2027 budget recommendation overview", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LAGRP/1595211.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "lsabudget" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-mega", "label": "Governor — October 2 MEGA amendments and proposed steel mill", "url": "https://governor.iowa.gov/press-release/2026-10-02/gov-reynolds-signs-legislative-amendments-mega-program-paving-way-historic-15-billion-steel-mill", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "mega" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-megafiscal", "label": "LSA — MEGA amendment fiscal note, October 1", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/FN/1616835.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "megafiscal" }, { "key": "mississippi", "label": "Mississippi Education literacy reforms and NAEP results", "url": "https://www.mdek12.org/superintendent/success/", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-naep", "label": "Iowa Education — 2024 NAEP results and limits", "url": "https://educate.iowa.gov/press-release/2025-01-29/nations-report-card-shows-encouraging-progress-literacy-underscores-iowas-need-evidence-based", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "naep" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-pie", "label": "Iowa Auditor — Public Innovations and Efficiencies", "url": "https://www.auditor.iowa.gov/pie/pie-online", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "pie" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-primaryvoting", "label": "Iowa Code 43.42 — declaration or change of party affiliation at a primary", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2026/43.42.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "primaryvoting" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-property2023", "label": "Iowa Legislature — HF 718 enacted 2023 property-tax changes", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/90/HF718.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "property2023" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-propertylaw", "label": "Iowa Legislature — SF 2472 enrolled 2026 property-tax law", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/91/SF2472.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "propertylaw" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-rec2026", "label": "Iowa Management — March 12, 2026 Revenue Estimating Conference projections", "url": "https://dom.iowa.gov/news/2026-03-12/march-2026-estimate-general-fund-receipts", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "rec2026" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-receipts", "label": "Iowa Management — September 2026 general-fund receipts", "url": "https://dom.iowa.gov/news/2026-10-05/september-2026-general-fund-receipts", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "receipts" }, { "key": "redistrict", "label": "Iowa LSA redistricting guide", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LG/1294208.pdf", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-sf478", "label": "Iowa Legislature — SF 478, auditor authority changes", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=SF478&ga=90", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "sf478" }, { "key": "solar", "label": "Iowa Auditor 2021 solar review, municipal archive copy", "url": "https://www.knoxvilleia.gov/DocumentCenter/View/1641/Auditor-Sand-Reviews-Solar-Energy-Projects-at-Public-Entities", "type": "Primary record" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-tax2025", "label": "Iowa Revenue — 2025 flat individual income tax", "url": "https://revenue.iowa.gov/press-release/2024-10-16/idr-announces-2025-individual-income-tax-brackets-and-interest-rates", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "tax2025" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-taxfiscal2022", "label": "LSA — HF 2317 fiscal note, 2022 tax changes", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/FN/1287955.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "taxfiscal2022" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-taxhistory", "label": "Iowa Management — FY 2024 budget-in-brief, 2022 tax law history", "url": "https://publications.iowa.gov/42578/1/bib-fy2024-v2.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "taxhistory" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-teacherfiscal", "label": "LSA — HF 2612 fiscal analysis", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/FN/1448318.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "teacherfiscal" }, { "id": "debate-20261006-teacherlaw", "label": "Iowa Legislature — HF 2612 enrolled teacher pay law", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/90/HF2612.pdf", "type": "Primary record", "accessed": "2026-10-07", "key": "teacherlaw" } ] }